What characterizes Atrial Fibrillation (A Fib)?

Atrial Fibrillation (A Fib) is characterized by a very fast and irregular heart rate. This arrhythmia occurs when the electrical signals in the atria—two upper chambers of the heart—become chaotic, leading to an uncoordinated contraction of the atria. As a result, individuals with A Fib often experience a heart rate that can vary significantly, commonly exceeding 100 beats per minute, and can be described as both rapid and erratic.

This irregularity can result in various symptoms, including palpitations, weakness, and fatigue, but in some cases, it may also be asymptomatic. A Fib is notably distinct from a regular heart rhythm, which would be more consistent and orderly. It is also different from a slow heart rate, where the heart beats fewer than 60 times per minute, and does not involve blockage of coronary arteries, which is a separate cardiac condition related to blood flow and can lead to ischemia or heart attacks. Understanding these characteristics of A Fib is crucial for recognizing and managing this common but complex condition.