What is assessed during a digital rectal exam?

A digital rectal exam primarily assesses the tone of the rectal muscles, which can provide valuable information about a patient's overall gastrointestinal health. During this examination, the clinician inserts a lubricated gloved finger into the rectum to evaluate muscle tone and the strength of the sphincter. This assessment is particularly relevant for diagnosing conditions that may affect bowel control or to identify any abnormalities in the rectal area.

While other options mention observations that may relate to different examinations or assessments, they are not primary purposes of a digital rectal exam. The presence of blood in stool is usually evaluated through other diagnostic tests or examinations, pain with the movement of the cervix is related to gynecological assessments, and bruising around the umbilicus is typically assessed through a visual inspection for trauma or other abdominal issues. Thus, the tone of rectal muscles is the main focus of a digital rectal examination, making it the correct answer.