What is described by a bulging tympanic membrane?

A bulging tympanic membrane refers to a protruding or outward curvature of the tympanic membrane (TM). This condition typically indicates an underlying issue, most commonly associated with otitis media, where fluid accumulation behind the TM causes it to push outward. When the TM bulges, it can affect hearing and may require medical assessment to address the underlying cause, such as infection or fluid buildup.

Understanding this distinction is crucial in clinical practice, as it helps in diagnosing and managing ear conditions effectively. The other options describe different states of the tympanic membrane, such as an inward curve, normal tension, or flat appearance, which do not align with the description of a bulge.