What is one of the consequences of pleural effusion?

Pleural effusion occurs when excess fluid accumulates in the pleural space surrounding the lungs, which can lead to various respiratory complications. One significant consequence of pleural effusion is impaired breathing. This happens because the fluid in the pleural space exerts pressure on the lungs, restricting their ability to fully expand during inhalation. As a result, the patient may experience shortness of breath and decreased lung capacity, which can affect gas exchange and overall respiratory function.

The other options do not accurately describe the effects of pleural effusion. Improved lung expansion is not feasible due to the presence of fluid, and increased lung volume is contrary to the physiological reality of compromised respiratory mechanics. While pleural effusion may have some impact on blood flow dynamics within the chest, it is most prominently associated with the impairment of breathing due to mechanical constraints caused by the fluid accumulation.