Which condition is associated with coughing up blood?

Coughing up blood is specifically referred to as hemoptysis. This condition involves the expectoration of blood that originates from the respiratory tract, which may occur due to various underlying causes such as infections, pulmonary embolism, or lung cancer. In contrast to hemoptysis, hematochezia refers to the passage of fresh blood through the anus, typically associated with bleeding in the lower gastrointestinal tract. Hematemesis is the vomiting of blood and indicates bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract. Hematuria involves the presence of blood in the urine, indicating issues related to the urinary tract or kidneys. Each of these terms highlights a different physiological process, but hemoptysis clearly pertains to coughing up blood from the lungs, making it the correct choice.