Which condition may require antibiotic treatment?

Diverticulitis is the correct condition that may require antibiotic treatment due to the inflammation of diverticula in the colon often caused by bacteria. When diverticula become inflamed or infected, this can lead to symptoms such as abdominal pain, fever, and changes in bowel habits, signaling a need for medical intervention. Antibiotics are used to treat the infection and prevent complications.

In contrast, diverticulosis refers to the presence of diverticula without inflammation, and it typically does not require antibiotic therapy. Choledocholithiasis, involving blockage of the common bile duct by gallstones, might necessitate surgical intervention or other treatments rather than antibiotics, while small bowel obstruction often requires addressing the mechanical blockage, which may include surgical options and does not primarily rely on antibiotics unless there is infection or perforation.