Which of the following conditions is associated with inflammation?

Pleurisy is a condition that is directly associated with inflammation of the pleura, which are the membranes surrounding the lungs. This inflammation can lead to sharp chest pain that worsens with breathing, coughing, or sneezing. The pleura can become inflamed due to various causes, including infections, autoimmune disorders, or as a complication of other diseases. The presence of inflammation is a key characteristic of pleurisy, making it the correct choice in this context.

In contrast, polydipsia refers to excessive thirst commonly seen in conditions like diabetes and is not primarily associated with inflammatory processes. Pruritis, or itching, can sometimes be a symptom of inflammation, but it is not solely defined as such and may occur in many different contexts, including allergic reactions or skin conditions. Sciatica refers to pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, typically caused by compression or irritation of the nerve, which does not specifically involve inflammation as a primary feature.