Which procedure involves the removal of excess prostate tissue?

The procedure that involves the removal of excess prostate tissue is Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP). This surgical method is commonly performed to alleviate urinary problems due to an enlarged prostate, a condition known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). During TURP, a resectoscope is inserted through the urethra to remove portions of the prostate tissue that are obstructing urine flow. This can significantly improve symptoms such as difficulty urinating, frequent urination, and urgency, providing relief to patients suffering from BPH.

The other options, while surgical procedures, are not related to prostate tissue. Salpingectomy is the removal of a fallopian tube, tonsillectomy is the surgical removal of the tonsils, and thoracotomy involves opening the chest cavity for various purposes. Therefore, TURP is the correct choice when considering procedures specifically targeting excess prostate tissue removal.