Which surgical procedure removes the gallbladder?

The surgical procedure that removes the gallbladder is known as cholecystectomy. This operation is performed to treat various gallbladder-related conditions, such as gallstones, which can cause pain, inflammation, or infection. During a cholecystectomy, the gallbladder is excised, which can be done using either traditional open surgery or minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques, depending on the patient's condition and the surgeon's assessment.

Gallbladder function is to store bile produced by the liver, which aids in digestion. While its removal does not usually impair digestion significantly, it is important to adjust dietary habits afterward, particularly in terms of fat intake.

The other procedures listed are associated with different organs and conditions. A colostomy involves creating an opening in the abdominal wall for the colon, a nephrectomy is the surgical removal of a kidney, and an oophorectomy is the removal of an ovary. Each of these procedures targets specific health issues unrelated to the gallbladder, further clarifying why cholecystectomy is the correct answer in this context.