Which term refers to a decrease in bone density?

The term that accurately refers to a decrease in bone density is osteoporosis. This condition is characterized by a significant reduction in bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, which leads to an increased risk of fractures. Osteoporosis occurs when the creation of new bone doesn't keep up with the removal of old bone, making bones weaker, more fragile, and more susceptible to breaks.

Osteopenia, while closely related, indicates a milder form of bone density reduction and is often considered a precursor to osteoporosis. Osteomalacia refers to the softening of bones due to a vitamin D deficiency or other reasons, which is a different process than that of osteoporosis. Osteitis refers to inflammation of bone, which does not specifically relate to bone density. Understanding these distinctions helps clarify the conditions related to bone health and the specific terminology used in medical contexts.